background and objectives: sodium nitrite and potassium nitrite have been traditionally used for inhibition of clostridium botulinum and also as an agent to stabilize the color of meat products; however, usage of these additives at high levels could lead to toxicity and cancer originating from the formation of nitrosamines. nowadays, application of natural preservatives in order to reduce the n...

Natural products are structurally and biologically interesting metabolites, but they have been isolated in minute amounts. The syntheses of such natural products help in obtaining them in bulk amounts. The recognition of microbial biotransformation as important manufacturing tool has increased in chemical and pharmaceutical industries. In recent years, microbial transformation is increasing sig...

there is possibility of microbial contamination of any single-dose vials (sdvs), multiple-dose vials (mdvs) and admixtures (adxs) during the preparation and injection to the patients that could be resulted in bloodstream infection. the goal of this study was to investigate the microbial contamination of mdvs and sdvs after multiple use and adxs prepared by nursing staff in the treatment room ve...

Recently, high-throughput screening (HTS) has become the mainstream technique for drug discovery. Compounds that are synthesized by combinatorial chemistry might be more suitable than natural products to apply to HTS, because the purification procedure is a drawback of using natural products. Nevertheless, natural products remain an extremely important source of drugs. To overcome the demerits ...

Epidemiological and experimental studies have led to the hypothesis that stimulation of the immune system by certain microbial products may prevent or treat allergic diseases (1–5). There are also bacterial products on the market which have been proposed for treatment of allergic diseases but their clinical efficacy is not well documented, however. The European Academy of Allergology and Clinic...

Disintegration of microbial cells is a necessary first step for the production of intracellular enzymes and organelIes. With increasing use o f intracellular microbial material in industry and medicine, the cell disruption unit operation is gaining in importance. This review examines the state of the art o f the largescale cell disruption technology and disruption methods o f potential commerci...

Fish and fishery products constitute an important food component for a large section of world population, more so in developing countries, where fish forms a cheap source of protein. In the last two decades there has been an increase in awareness about the nutritional and health benefits of fish consumption. The low fat content of some fish and the presence of poly unsaturated fatty acids in re...

n engl j med 367;23 nejm.org december 6, 2012 2170 ing for MDR­GNRs are desper­ ately needed. Incorporating these fundamen­ tal prevention and control prac­ tices into the daily life of the hospital is difficult, as demon­ strated by persistently low rates of adherence even in the coun­ try’s most prestigious institutions. The Department of Health and Human Services and many orga­ nizations hav...