the purpose of the present paper is to develop light beam method to measurement of interfacial area in a rectangular gas-liquid bubble column. total interfacial area can be determined in bubble column filled by transparent liquid by light transmission method. according to pervious researches, the fraction of parallel light is function of interfacial area and optical path length that these two p...

M. Lüders,1 A. Ernst,2 M. Däne,3,1 Z. Szotek,1 A. Svane,4 D. Ködderitzsch,3,1 W. Hergert,3 B. L. Györffy,5 and W. M. Temmerman1 1Daresbury Laboratory, Daresbury, Warrington, WA4 4AD, United Kingdom 2Max Planck Institut für Mikrostrukturphysik, Weinberg 2, D-06120 Halle, Germany 3Fachbereich Physik, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Friedemann-Bach-Platz 6, D-06099 Halle, Germany 4Inst...

The theoretical approach to the elastic scattering of a nucleon from a nucleus, pioneered by Watson [1], made familiar by Kerman, McManus, and Thaler (KMT) [2] and further developed as the spectator expansion [3, 4, 5, 6] is now being applied with striking success. In a similar vein, a slightly di erent approach to the multiple scattering expansion within the KMT framework is being pursued by t...

The frequency shift of spectral lines is most often explained by the Doppler Effect in terms of relative motion, whereas theDoppler broadening of a particular line mainly depends on the absolute temperature. The Wolf effect on the other hand deals with the correlation induced spectral change and explains both the broadening and shift of the spectral lines. In this framework a relation between t...

It is generally assumed that as a result of multiple scattering, the source distribution measured in HBT interferometry corresponds to a chaotic source at freeze-out. This assumption is subject to question as effects of multiple scattering in HBT measurements must be investigated within a quantum-mechanical framework. Applying the Glauber multiple scattering theory at high energies and the opti...

In many wave energy concepts, power output in the MW range requires the simultaneous operation of many wave energy converters. In particular, this is true for small point-absorbers, where a wave energy farm may contain several hundred devices. The total performance of the farm is affected by the hydrodynamic interactions between the individual devices, and reliable tools that can model full far...

The K + scattering on the lightest nuclei, d, 3 He and 4 He is studied in the framework of multiple scattering theory. Effects from MEC tied to the K + N → KN π reaction are evaluated. We found that at momentum transfers Q 2 < 0.5 (GeV/c) 2 contributions from MEC are much smaller than kaon rescattering corrections. This makes the conventional multiple scattering picture a reliable tool to study...

A relativistic finite nucleus calculation using a Dirac optical potential is used to investigate the importance of final state interactions [FSI] at large momentum transfers in inclusive quasielastic electronuclear reactions. The optical potential is derived from first-order multiple scattering theory and then is used to calculate the FSI in a nonspectral Green's function doorway approach. At i...

Background: In radiation therapy with ion beams, lateral distributions of absorbed dose in the tissue are important. Heavy ion therapy, such as carbon-ion therapy, is a novel technique of high-precision external radiotherapy which has advantages over proton therapy in terms of dose locality and biological effectiveness.Methods: In this study, we used Monte Carlo method-based Geant4 toolkit to s...