BACKGROUND Factors associated with obstruction of the cavopulmonary pathway in patients with a lateral tunnel (LT) intracardiac Fontan connection and outcomes of percutaneous stent implantation for this complication have not been characterized. METHODS AND RESULTS Between 1999 and 2011, 51 patients underwent stent implantation for LT pathway stenosis at a median age of 10.2 years and a median...

This patient was seen for the first time at Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh at 34 days of age with cyanosis and grunting respirations of two weeks duration. Cardiac catheterization and angiography confirmed the diagnosis of transposition of the great arteries (TGA) with an intact ventricular septum. Following balloon atrial septostomy, systemic arterial saturation rose to 80% from 34%. Repeat...

OBJECTIVE Establishment of Fontan circulation in complex univentricular hearts often requires several surgical procedures. We developed a procedure which maintains the advantages of a staged approach, however, during the initial surgery additional preparatory measures are performed to allow subsequent non-surgical Fontan completion. METHODS The operation is a lateral baffle Fontan procedure. ...

The performance of corrugated baffles inserted in a rectangular channel heat exchanger is investigated. The fluid flows and thermal distribution are determined via numerical simulations. The working fluid has a shear thinning behavior. The influence of the baffle design is explored, we interest to the “wavy” shape. The corrugation angle of baffle (α) is changed from 0° (i.e. a straight...

Introduction 132 I. A Review of the Reviews 133 II. Empirical Concerns for the Study of Canalization 134 A. The Amount of Genetic Variation must be Controlled between Lines/Populations 134 B. The Need for Multiple, Independent Samples (Across Genotypes, Not Individuals) 135 C. Genetic Background must be Controlled for Comparisons between Treatments 135 III. Definitions of Canalization 136 IV. R...

Integrating spheres are often used as calibration sources providing uniform radiance within a solid angle and/or uniform irradiance at a distance. The best performance in such a system can be achieved if one is able to evaluate as well as predict the important characteristics of the sphere system’s output, such as the spatial and angular distributions of radiance over the exit port, or the dist...

OBJECTIVES Atrial switch procedures for transposition of the great arteries are associated with reoperations mainly for systemic ventricular dysfunction and baffle complications. This study aims at identifying the results of reoperations following the Senning operation. METHODS Records of 314 hospital survivors who had undergone the Senning operation were reviewed for details concerning cardi...