In this study we introduce new hypothesis into the anatomical-structure, head, and neck, neuro-embryology, nerves muscles, followed by physiologic-variants, operational / surgical implications considerations then lastly clinical significancy of study. The wound/damage to cervical altruistic ganglia can elicit syndrome-of-Horner, which is ipsilateral ptosis, miosis, also facial scrub—anhidrosis....

BACKGROUND Sympathetic nervous activity contributes to the maintenance of muscle oxygenation. However, patients with chronic pain may suffer from autonomic dysfunction. Furthermore, insufficient muscle oxygenation is observed among workers with chronic neck and shoulder pain. The aim of our study was to investigate how muscle load tasks affect sympathetic nervous activity and changes in oxygena...

background and objectives: sarcopenia is explained as age-related reduction in muscle mass and performance. some of the most important risk factors for sarcopenia include age, malnutrition, and sedentary life style. the aim of this study was to investigate the association of food intake and physical activity with body composition, muscle strength and muscle function in post-menopausal women. ma...

Twenty patients with torticollis had electromyographic studies of their neck muscles performed before and after a series of local injections of botulinum toxin. The pattern of muscle activity changed after the injections, and this effect persisted even after head position had returned to baseline. Patients who did not experience any clinical benefit from the injections also demonstrated a chang...

OBJECTIVE The prevalence of neck muscle pain has steadily increased and especially pain from the descending part of the trapezius muscle has been associated with monotonous work tasks such as computer work. Physical exercise is generally recommended as treatment, but it is unclear which type of training is most effective. Our objective was to determine the effectiveness of specific strength tra...

BACKGROUND Platysma bands are one of the first signs of aging of the neck. Current theories suggest that these bands develop because of skin sagging followed by loss of muscle tone. Treatment strategies therefore aim to tighten skin and muscle. The aim of the present study was to demonstrate that platysma bands are caused by muscular activity during the aging process and are not secondary to sk...

Objectives: To describe the outcomes of massage and acupressure therapy in taking care patients with shoulder-neck strain syndrome at Military Institute Traditional medicine 2022. Methods: Cross-sectional descriptive design was performed on 170 patients. Treatment results were assessed by following contents: pain level, cervical spine range motion, daily activity level. Results: rate muscle spa...

Across the entire human body, postural tone might play its most critical role in the body's axis because the axis joins the four limbs and head into a single functioning unit during complex motor tasks as well as in static postures. Although postural tone is commonly viewed as low-level, tonic motor activity, we hypothesized that postural tone is both tonically and dynamically regulated in the ...

A motor task can be performed via different patterns of muscle activation that show regularities that can be factorized in combinations of a reduced number of muscle groupings (also referred to as motor modules, or muscle synergies). In this study we evaluate whether an acute noxious stimulus induces a change in the way motor modules are combined to generate movement by neck muscles. The neck r...