Hawking radiation is viewed as a tunnelling process. In this way the effect of selfgravitation gives rise to quantum corrections to the entropy of the (2+1) BTZ black hole. The modified entropy, due to specific modelling of the self-gravitation effect, of the (2+1) BTZ black hole is evaluated. To first order in ω which is a shell of energy radiated outwards the event horizon of the BTZ black ho...

abstract in this work, the dry reforming of methane was studied using a corona and glow discharge plasma microreactors. a chemical kinetic model was developed to understand the reaction better. the modelization allowed prediction of the reactants conversion according to the energy transfer to the gas (p×τ). the β value is trait of the energy cost, whatever this value was leeser indicated better...

this paper tries to systematically survey, with taking theoretical view on geomorphic basin and its changes into account. the purpose of this research is to determine the balance and stability of geomorphic basins from the past to present and then to future. consequently, it tries to determine the balance between energy and input-output materials for example (rainfall , solar radiation, tectoni...

the effects of substituents on the symmetry and the nature of halogen bonds in [n∙∙∙x∙∙∙n]+-type systems are presented for the yc5h4n∙∙∙x∙∙∙nc5h5 (y = no2, cn, h, ch3, och3, oh, nh2, x = cl, br, i) complexes. some structural parameters, energy data and electronic properties were explored with the density functional theory (dft) calculations. in addition, electrostatic potentials were used in es...

a considerable amount of energy is released in the form of shock wave from explosive charge detonation. shock wave energy is responsible for the creation of crushing and fracture zone around the blast hole. the rest of the shock wave energy is transferred to rock mass as ground vibration. ground vibration is conveyed to the adjacent structures by body and surface waves. geological structures li...

Background: Malnutrition is an important factor in the survival of critically ill patients. The purpose of the present study was to assess the nutritional status of patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) on the days of admission and discharge via a detailed nutritional assessment. Methods: Totally, 125 patients were followed up from admission to discharge at 8ICUs in Shiraz, Iran. The patien...

Total internal reflecting surfaces have been proposed as regenerative structures for solid-state lasers; the laser energy is extracted from the resonator through frustrated total re­ flection by a coupling prism. Instead of using frustrated total reflection to extract the energy, we found the energy can be extracted through a hole on the tip of the total reflecting surface. In this experiment, ...

In quantum field theory there exist states for which the energy density is negative. It is important that these negative energy densities satisfy constraints, such as quantum inequalities, to minimize possible violations of causality, the second law of thermodynamics, and cosmic censorship. In this paper I show that conformally invariant scalar and Dirac fields satisfy quantum inequalities in t...

The Cardy-Verlinde formula, which expresses the entropy of the conformal field theory in terms of its total energy (or the extensive energy), Casimir energy and radius of the unit sphere S, is further verified by using the KerrNewman-AdS4 and Kerr-Newman-dS4 black holes. For the Kerr-NewmanAdS4 black hole, we find that to cast the entropy of the conformal field theory into the Cardy-Verlinde fo...

The charged Bañados-Teitelboim-Zanelli (BTZ) black hole is plagued by several pathologies: a) Presence of divergent boundary terms in the action, hence of a divergent black hole mass; b) Once a finite, renormalized, mass M is defined black hole states exist for arbitrarily negative values of M ; c) There is no upper bound on the charge Q. We show that these pathological features are an artifact...