State estimation is a classical problem in quantum information. In optimization of estimation scheme, to find a lower bound to the error of the estimator is a very important step. So far, all the proposed tractable lower bounds use derivative of density matrix. However, sometimes, we are interested in quantities with singularity, e.g. concurrence etc. In the paper, lower bounds to a Mean Square...

Owing to the importance of non-differentiable point in a function for economy, engineering and theoretical analysis, this paper brings forward a novel methodology to figure out the non-differentiable point of function which is based on adjusting the models for global extremum and local extremum of particle swarm optimazation (PSO). The algorithm takes the difference between left and right diffe...

n this paper, we consider continuity properties(especially, regularity, also viewed as an approximation property) for $%mathcal{P}_{0}(X)$-valued set multifunctions ($X$ being a linear,topological space), in order to obtain Egoroff and Lusin type theorems forset multifunctions in the Vietoris hypertopology. Some mathematicalapplications are established and several physical implications of thema...

One-dimensional maps showing chaotic intermittency with discontinuous reinjection probability density functions are studied. For these maps, the mechanism possesses two different processes. The M function methodology is applied to analyze complete and determine function. In M(x) continuous non-differentiable. Theoretical equations found for Finally, theoretical results compared numerical data f...