This study concerns the presence and status of Tense in young children’s nonfinite main clauses, or root infinitivals (RIs). Verb-containing utterances produced by four Dutch-speaking boys (age range 1;9 3;2) were classified along the following dimensions: finite infinitive; temporal reference, as indicated by linguistic and non-linguistic context; and type of verb: eventive vs. non-eventive. T...

It is rare for a language to be able to use noun class markers in the nominal domain to categorise entities, and at the same time, use these same linguistic markers to categorise events from the verbal domain. Such a system can be found in Eegimaa and some other related Atlantic languages spoken in the Basse-Casamance area of Southern Senegal, where non-finite verbs and the events they refer to...

This study examines two different barrier functions and their use in both path-following and potential-reduction interior-point algorithms for solving a linear program of the form: minimize cTZ subject to Az = b and e < z < u, where components of e and u can be nonfinite, so the variables z can have 0-, 1-,or 2-sided bounds, j = 1, ..., n. The barrier functions that we study include an extensio...

In [2] W. Rautenberg proved that (the content of) any 2–element matrix is finitely axiomatizable and asked if the same is true for any finite matrix. This conjecture was disproved by P. Wojtylak, who in [5] (see also [4]) costructed a 5–element matrix with 2 designated elements, which is not finitely axiomatizable. Recently, W. Dziobiak presented in [1] a 4–element algebraic matrix (i.e. a matr...

The status of children’s acquisition of grammatical categories and in particular of auxiliaries continues to be debated. On the one hand, a number of corpus studies suggest that auxiliaries and similar categories are absent early on (e.g., Wijnen 1996/1997, Schlyter 2003). On the other hand, experimental studies indicate that syntactic competence for functional categories is available to toddle...

Let L range over all natural languages (NLs). For any L, one can consider two collections of strings of symbols, one consisting of all strings over the terminal vocabulary of L, call it W*(L), the other consisting of that always very proper subcollection of W*(L) consisting of all and only those members of W*(L) that are well-formed, that is, that correspond to sentences of L. Call the latter c...

The rapid development of computer software and network technologies has facilitated the intensive application specialized statistical not only in traditional information technology spheres (i.e., statistics, engineering, artificial intelligence) but also linguistics. R is one most popular analytical tools for processing a huge array digitalized language data, especially quantitative corpus ling...