Understanding the sources and quantities of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions is critical to developing an emissions inventory that accurately represents various oil and gas industry segment operations. To address this, the American Petroleum Institute (API) formed a Greenhouse Gas Emissions Methodology Working Group. The working group’s objectives were to review, summarize and recommend methodolo...

eiarnination the oil market and review the major oil importer countries, is a major need for guidance and marketing strategy for crude oil exporting countries. so that estimating the oil demand for importer countries and analysis the effective factors on their oil demand, can be an important factor in planning and policy making for oil exporting countries in order to sell oil. so iran is not an...

The energy industry and in particular the Oil Refineries are extremely important elements in Iraq’s infrastructure. A terrorist attack on one oil refinery will have a catastrophic impact on oil production and the whole economy. It can also cause serious damage to the environment and even losses of human lives. The security of information systems and industrial control systems such as Supervisor...

Continuous increase in oil pricing is not only causing difficulties to consumer but the imbalance in demand and supply is impacting the producer and refineries also. Consumer may adjust the demand dynamically as per the price fluctuation but oil major cannot change the production so dynamically. The recommended solution is the latest technology which could optimize the production, meeting the i...

In this essay the situation of petroleum knowledge creation and dissemination in Iran oil industry and its technological capabilities have been investigated. This configuration and trend has been studied by a documentary method and content analysis of the scientific articles that published in  a distinguished  journal of Iran oil industry  and so the related structures during  1979-1908.the res...

A novel sodium N-fatty acyl amino acid (SFAAA) surfactant was synthesized using pupa oil and pupa protein hydrolysates (PPH) from a waste product of the silk industry. The aliphatic acids from pupa oil were modified into N-fatty acyl chlorides by thionyl chloride (SOCl2). SFAAA was synthesized using acyl chlorides and PPH. GC-MS analysis showed fatty acids from pupa oil consist mainly of unsatu...

Introduction: Occupational nature, strenuous physical activity, shift work, spatial and geographical location, as well as support facilities and equipment, pose greater risks to individuals in the oil and gas industry, especially those engaged in offshore oil exploration and production activities. The purpose of this article is to explain the issue of health and well-being of oil and gas indust...

Soft computing techniques have gained greater interest and acceptance in the oil industry in recent years. Some, who advocate the education of more interdisciplinary petroleum engineers, even list soft computing as one of the core competencies for such engineers. This paper will give a brief introduction to the challenges and opportunities for applied time series prediction in the oil industry ...

In Estonia there is the largest industrially-used oil-shale basin in the world. This review addresses the environmental hazard of the waste streams of oilshale industry via solid wasteand water-path, mainly focusing on ecotoxicological risk due to open semicoke deposition inducing hazard to surrounding soils and groundwater. This is the first comprehensive ecotoxicological review of available d...

The utilization of waste materials from the palm oil industry provides immense benefit to various sectors of the construction industry. Palm oil clinker is a by-product from the processing stages of palm oil goods. Channelling this waste material into the building industry helps to promote sustainability besides overcoming waste disposal problems. Environmental pollution due to inappropriate wa...