The parasitoid assemblage associated with a lepidopteran leafminer, Coptotriche japoniella (Tischeriidae), on an evergreen tree, Eurya japonica (Theaceae), was studied in the center of Japan to explore parasitoid coexistence mechanisms. The leafminer supported 12 parasitoid species. Eight abundant or common species were classiÞed into Þve guilds according to their koinobiont/ idiobiont mode and...

Besides traditional methods based on morphological characters, electrophoretic such as SDS-PAGE are preferred by taxonomists to make the right decision in species identification process. In addition, effect of environmental factors, pH, salinity, heat, and temperature protein profiles essential various studies. this study, we aimed determine degree relationship some fish species, Squalius lepid...