Segmental osteotomies offer a versatile option for conventional orthodontic surgery. Basically any single tooth or groups of teeth can be repositioned surgically. Segmental osteotomies have been used to correct bimaxillary protrusion, anterior open bite, transverse maxillary deficiency, distal position of mandibular dentoalveolar process, mandibular anterior crowding and in cleft care for vario...

Disagreement remains regarding the optimal treatment for intrusive luxation injuries to permanent teeth. Three problems often present themselves following intrusive luxation: improper tooth position, pulpal necrosis, and internal or external root resorption. In the recent past, the accepted treatment was to allow the permanent teeth to reerupt spontaneously for 6-8 weeks. If this did not occur,...

This report presents a case of a completely intrusive luxation of an immature permanent central incisor in a 7 years 9 months-old girl. Because there are severe intrusive trauma and cortical alveolar bone fracture, it was impossible to reposition with orthodontic or surgical method alone. The intruded tooth was repositioned to healthy alveolar bone level by using surgical extrusion and stabiliz...

The chromatin remodeler ISWI is capable of repositioning clusters of nucleosomes to create well-ordered arrays or moving single nucleosomes from the center of DNA fragments toward the ends without disrupting their integrity. Using standard electrophoresis assays, we have monitored the ISWI-catalyzed repositioning of different nucleosome samples each containing a different length of DNA symmetri...

ObjectiveThis review aims to explore key aspects related the treatment of gingival recession defects (GRD) and sites lacking keratinized gingiva in orthodontic patients. It focuses on five crucial core aspects: 1) risk assessment for GRD development; 2) diagnosis, characteristics, dilemma surrounding necessity; 3) evolution root coverage procedures significance modifying soft tissue phenotype m...

Introduction: Excessive exposure of the gums, especially more than 3 mm while smiling is known as a gummy smile, caused by multifactorial etiology and managed with various techniques. The prevalence smiles 10% age population between 20 – 30 years common in women men. This review purpose to discuss best treatment for smile relation etiologies cases, indication, contraindication each treatment. R...

Anterior open bite (AOB) is a dentofacial problem occurring more commonly in race groups of African origin. Although multi-factorial, the aetiology exerts its influence in tandem with craniofacial development. Diagnosis is confirmed by a cephalometric assessment and points either to a skeletal origin, a dental source, or both. Depending on the time of diagnosis and severity of the condition, tr...