Primary commodities are important exports for Fiji, contributing around 60 to 65 percent to total export receipts. Prices of primary commodities have been very unstable, subject to both secular and temporary fluctuations, which in turn, has given rise to unevenness in the value of export earnings and reserve levels. To date, there has not been any empirical evidence on the influence of commodit...

The literature on the relationship between real output growth and the growth rate in the price of oil, including an allowance for asymmetry in the impact of oil prices on output, continues to evolve. Here we show that a new technique, which allows us to control for the persistence of oil price changes, yields results implying that such control is necessary for a statistically adequate specifica...

Analysis of the identifiability of a given model system is an essential prerequisite to the determination of model parameters from physical data. However, the tools available for the analysis of non-linear systems can be limited both in applicability and by computational intractability for any but the simplest of models. The input-output relation of a model summarises the input-output structure...

Many basic concepts of cardiac output and arterial pressure control have changed considerably in the past few years. In general, each tissue controls its own local resistance and blood flow regardless of the level of arterial pressure; the sum of the local flows then determines the venous return and cardiac output. However, the arterial pressure is normally controlled by separate mechanisms tha...

The present paper has been an attempt to investigate the general fuzzy automata on the basis of complete residuated lattice-valued ($L$-GFAs). The study has been chiefly inspired from the work by Mockor cite{15, 16, 17}. Regarding this, the categorical issue of $L$-GFAs has been studied in more details. The main issues addressed in this research include: (1) investigating the relationship betwe...

This paper investigates the relationship between electricity consumption, output, and price in the manufacturing sector in Malaysia. We find that electricity consumption, output, and price are cointegrated in the long run. In addition, it has been found that the relationship between electricity consumption and output is positive. In the long run, we find a unidirectional causality from manufact...

An operator, called the dual-rate transfer function, describing a dual-rate discretized continuous-time system is presented. It can be easily related to single-rate transfer functions of the same system, and its parameters can be experimentally estimated. Based on these models, two adaptive control strategies are outlined, and some results are illustrated by a simple example. Copyright 0 1996 E...