N-Oxidation and nitroreduction to yield N-hydroxyarylamines are metabolic steps that are crucial for the genotoxic properties of aromatic amines and nitroarenes, respectively. N-Hydroxyarylamines can form adducts with DNA, tissue proteins, and the blood proteins albumin and hemoglobin in a dose-dependent manner. The determination of hemoglobin adducts is a useful tool for biomonitoring exposed ...

Postmortem studies have shown a relationship between diabetic state and atherosclerotic arterial lesions in adolescents. The aim of the present study was to determine the presence of increased subclinical atherosclerosis (measured as carotid intima-media thickness [IMT]) and its risk factors, including lipoprotein oxidation, in children with type 1 diabetes. We measured carotid IMT using high-r...

Features that alter the glycolipid sugar headgroup accessibility at the membrane interface have been studied in bilayer lipid model vesicles using a fluorescence technique with the enzyme galactose oxidase. The effects on oxidation caused by variation in the hydrophobic moiety of galactosylceramide or the membrane environment for galactosylceramide, monogalactosyldiacylglycerol and digalactosyl...

L-H represents a lipid, generally a polyunsaturated fatty acid moiety (PUFA). (See Figure 1 legend for an explanation of the abbreviations used to denote the various chemical species associated with lipid peroxidation). The rate of the propagation event is governed by the various carbon-hydrogen bond dissociation energies along the lipid chain (Cosgrove et al., 1987). The weakest carbonhydrogen...

Introduction Oestrogens protect against coronary artery disease (CAD) [l-31. An estimated 2540% of this protective effect can be attributed to changes in fasting plasma lipids [4]. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol concentrations are reduced [5,6] as the result of enhanced clearance of atherogenic LDL particles by upregulated LDL receptors [7,8]. The production of highdensity lipoprotei...

We studied the effects of a widely-used sulfonylurea, gliclazide, on the oxidizability of low density lipoprotein (LDL) and the development of experimental atherosclerosis in cholesterol-fed rabbits. Daily oral administration of gliclazide (20 mg/kg/day) tended to inhibit the aortic atherosclerosis induced by feeding a 1% cholesterol diet for 10 weeks, although it did not affect diet-induced hy...