Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) is a metaheuristic optimization algorithm that owes much of its allure to its simplicity and its high effectiveness in solving sophisticated optimization problems. However, since the performance of the standard PSO is prone to being trapped in local extrema, abundant variants of PSO have been proposed by far. For instance, Fuzzy Adaptive PSO (FAPSO) algorithms ...

In this work we tried to solve some non-linear problems of analytic photogrammetry. These problems are also widely flowed into the digital photogrammetry. The model formation considering the solution of the Relative Orientation, and the object reconstruction considering the solution of the Absolute Orientation have non-linear functional models. These models need an exhaustive research of the pr...