Methods Thirty patients were evaluated using age-appropriate versions of "Pediatric Quality of LifeTM Generic Core Scale". The PedsQLTM assesses: 1. Physical Functioning (8 items), 2. Emotional Functioning (5 items), 3. Social Functioning (5 items), and 4. School Functioning (5 items). The patients were divided into 2 age groups: "8–12 years" (n = 14) and "13–18 years" (n = 16). The control gro...

Objectives. Low-income families may face financial barriers to management and treatment of chronic illnesses. No studies have explored how low-income individuals and families with anaphylactic food allergies cope with financial barriers to anaphylaxis management and/or treatment. This study explores qualitatively assessed direct, indirect, and intangible costs of anaphylaxis management and trea...

introduction: medicine is an inseparable link of health chain; a flaw in health process for high expenditures of the medicine or inappropriate access shall certainly bring higher costs in the mentioned procedure. the present study aimed to evaluate the impact of the households’ income, geographical access, patients’ direct payment, physician's visit and insured' inpatient rate on the amount of ...

BACKGROUND Iranian women, many of whom live in small cities, have limited access to mammography and clinical breast examinations. Thus, breast self examination (BSE) becomes an important and necessary approach to detecting this disease in its early stages in order to limit its resultant morbidity and mortality. This study examined constructs arising from the Health Belief Model as predictors of...

In this paper we use the results of a recent on-site recreation survey to know whether it matters to use perceived rather than calculated travel costs. The calculated travel costs (time and money) are derived from detailed GIS computations. The perceived travel times and costs are taken directly from the survey responses. We first find that there is a high non-response rate for the perceived co...

BACKGROUND From the Theory of Planned Behaviour perspective, sexual intention is determined by a permissive attitude, perception of social norms and perceived self-efficacy in performing sexual activity. The aim of this study was to develop and validate the Youth Sexual Intention Questionnaire (YSI-Q), which was designed to measure sexual intention among youths in Malaysia. METHODS A total of...

Unintentional injuries are major cause of death and disability in children. In this regard, mothers play important role in adopting preventive measures to avoid these injuries. The aim of this study was to determine the predictors of protection motivation to prevent home injuries among mothers with children under 5 year-old. This study was performed on 204 mothers having children under 5 year-o...