The initial, incomplete clinical response to phenothiazines might be explained by the immediate onset of dopamine receptor blockade. However, the decrease in dopamine receptor function may be partially offset by the compensatory increase in presynaptic dopamine synthesis and release, which perhaps stimulates receptors not adequately blocked. When this compensatory increase in dopamine synthesis...

Three young men who had serious psychotic illnesses as final-year medical students, with damaging recurrences later in two, have subsequently succeeded as clinical practitioners. One has so far completed five healthy years, the others two years each, since treatment with phenothiazines and support.

children with malignant disease receiving phenothiazines for nausea, cerebral metastases or irradiation effects may be considered (Cottom and Newman, 1966). The acute toxic reactions to phenothiazines are self-limiting, the symptoms subsiding in 24 to 48 hours. They can, however, be rapidly and specifically relieved by the anticholinergic/antihistamine group of drugs commonly used for the treat...

A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was carried out to determine the value of maintenance therapy with phenothiazines in a population of outpatients who had recently recovered from an acute episode of schizophrenia. The drug was shown to be significantly more effective than the placebo in preventing relapse. The relationship of the trial patients to the population from which they were sele...

Historically, multiplicity of actions in synthetic compounds is a rule rather than exception. The science of non-antibiotics evolved in this background. From the antimalarial and antitrypanosomial dye methylene blue, chemically similar compounds, the phenothiazines, were developed. The phenothiazines were first recognised for their antipsychotic properties, but soon after their antimicrobial fu...

BACKGROUND Although much progress has been made on antipsychotic drug development, precise mechanisms behind the action of typical and atypical antipsychotics are poorly understood. METHODS We performed genome-wide expression profiling to study effects of typical antipsychotics and atypical antipsychotics in the postmortem liver of schizophrenia patients using microarrays (Affymetrix U133 plu...

OBJECTIVES Phenothiazines are a commercially available class of psychotropic drugs known to show antituberculosis activity. At clinically relevant bactericidal doses, however, the psychotropic drugs produce undesirable side effects in addition to their neuroleptic properties. This study aimed to evaluate rationally designed novel phenothiazines as antimycobacterial drug candidates. METHODS Re...

Action mechanisms of anesthetics remain unclear because of difficulty in explaining how structurally different anesthetics cause similar effects. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, local anesthetics and antipsychotic phenothiazines induced responses similar to those caused by glucose starvation, and they eventually inhibited cell growth. These drugs inhibited glucose uptake, but additional glucose co...