This paper discusses research carried-out on the development and validation (on real plant) of a parity-equation based fault detection and isolation (FDI) system for a pneumatic actuator. A mechanistic model of the system is developed and validated in order to derive suitable parity equations for the pneumatic actuation system. The parity equations are then formulated and used to generate resid...

The axial soft−tissue system in the neck of Dicraeosauridae and Diplodocidae, including pneumatic diverticula, liga− ments, and muscles, is reconstructed on the basis of phylogenetic and functional morphological comparisons with extant crocodylians and birds and compared with other soft−tissue reconstructions for sauropods. Bifurcation of the neural spines separated the paired supraspinal ligam...

According to flexibility of pneumatic conveying systems with respect to other types of transmission systems, this system has wide application in industry and agriculture processes. One important application of this system is in the loading and unloading tankers and powdery bulk materials such as trucks carrying cement, plaster and sand. Conveying efficiency is associated with pressure, which in...

This study aims to develop a complex hybrid 3D robot with parallel links driven by the nonlinear pneumatic servo system for path tracking control. The mechanical system and the control system are the primary parts for developing a complex hybrid 3D robot. In the mechanical system, a complex hybrid 3D robot contains serial manipulators, parallel links, base plates, a movable platform and a pneum...

Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations of gas-solid flow through a positive low-pressure pneumatic conveyor were performed using Eulerian-Eulerian framework. Pressure drop in pneumatic conveying pipelines, creation and destruction of plugs along the horizontal and vertical pipes, effect of 90° elbows and U-bends on cross-section concentrations, and rope formation and dispersion were...

among the therapeutic options for achalasia are pneumatic dilatation (pd), an appropriate long-term therapy, and botulinum toxin injection (bt) that is a relatively short-term therapy. this study aimed to compare therapeutic effect of repetitive pneumatic dilation with a combined method (botulinum toxin injection and pneumatic dilation) in a group of achalasia patients who are low responder to ...