entrepreneurship, as one of the factors affecting economic growth, is also considered among the key factors by economic policymakers. however, in examining the issue of entrepreneurship, it should be noted that women’s and men’s entrepreneurship can be considered as two distinct and separate phenomena. therefore, the main objective of this paper is to investigate the relationship between women&...

This paper studies the interaction between monetary and macro-prudential policies in a simple model with both nominal and financial frictions. The nominal friction gives rise to a conventional monetary policy objective emphasized in the New Keynesian literature. The financial friction, in the form of an occasionally binding collateral constraint, gives rise to a financial stability objective. ...

n the past, monetary policy options were described in terms of a tradeoff between the unemployment rate and the inflation rate, the so-called Phillips curve. Macroeconomists no longer view the Phillips curve as a viable “policy menu” because its use as such is inconsistent with mainstream macroeconomic theory. In the late 1970s, John Taylor suggested an alternative set of options for policymake...

Several papers have documented a regime switch in US monetary policy from ‘passive’ and destabilizing in the pre-1979 period to ‘active’ and stabilizing afterwards. These studies typically work with DSGE models with rational expectations. This paper relaxes the assumption of rational expectations and allows for learning instead. Economic agents form expectations from simple models and update th...

Proposals for fundamental reform of the federal tax code are receiving increased attention in the business press and among economic analysts and policymakers. President Bush has identified tax reform as a top priority, calling for a tax system that is “pro-growth, easy to understand, and fair to all.” Moreover, the President has appointed a commission to consider different approaches to tax ref...

          The aim of this paper is to simulate the effects of some macroeconomic policy tools on production and inflation of Iran by the current worldwide financial and real crisis. The theoretical framework of the analysis is based on the so-called ‘IMF/World Bank Integrated Model’ which is the synthesis (a merger) of the basic monetary approach of the Balance of Payments used at t...

Most of the current literature on macroeconomic policies focus on cyclical phenomena such as politically induced business cycles, and how short-sighted policies can be overcome through proper institutional design. This paper instead focuses on the lasting effects of macroeconomic policies on such “real” economic variables as unemployment and distribution, and we argue that traditional distribut...