Consolidation of shunt capacitors plays an important role in radial distribution networks. Among many of their merits, line loss and total harmonic distortion (THD) reduction, voltage profile improvement and reactive power compensation can be the salient specifications of shunt capacitors. Studies show that non-optimal locations shunt capacitor units lead to increase loss, together with bad eff...

for an indoor non-directed line of sight optical wireless communication (nlos-owc) system we investigate the optimized lambertian order (olo) of light-emitting diodes (leds). we firstly derive an expression for the olo from a conventional lambertian led model. then, we analyze the indoor multi-cell nlos-owc channel characteristics including the optical power distribution and the multipath time ...

in trading electrical energy in deregulated power systems, violation of operation constraints such as transmission lines flow limits is possible. these conditions have been called “congestion”. one of the most important responsibility of independent system operator (iso) is congestion management in a manner that all the system equipments be operated in their nominal ranges. in this paper, usi...

Natural phenomena such as gale, rain, and lightning cause disconnections, which can disrupt power distribution. Therefore, a method that estimate the disconnection point (DP) in distribution lines is needed to ensure public safety stable supply. A simple DP detection using common earthing conductor applied both residential industrial areas with only two interconnection points at ends. However, ...