BACKGROUND Poor postoperative pain control is frequently associated with complications and delayed discharge from a hospital. Preemptive analgesia is one of the methods suggested for reducing postoperative pain. Opioids are effective for pain control, but there known addictive properties make physicians cautious about using them. Parecoxib and ketorolac are potent non-opioid NSAIDs that are att...

Introduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate the preemptive analgesic effect and duration of postoperative analgesia after caudal blocks in children. Methods: Forty-five children who underwent distal hypospadias surgery were assigned to group one (n=23) received caudal bupivacaine (0.25%) 0.5 mg kg-1 and midazolam 0.05 mg kg-1 before the surgical incision, and group two (n=22) who receiv...

W hen I have read the article from Carvalho et al 1 published in this issue of Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, two words caught my eyes, Bpreemptive[ and Bnerve block.[ Why? First, because in the light of our current knowledge about incisional pain mechanisms, the term preemptive is definitely obsolete. Second, because when we consider the terms preemptive analgesia and preventive analge...

backgrounds: the aim of this study was to determine if preemptive local anesthesia yields better postoperative pain control than infiltration of local anesthesia at the time of wound closure. methods: forty patients aged between 1 and 10 years were randomly allocated to one of the two groups by using a sealed envelope technique. group 1 received 0.5 mg/kg bupivacaine 20 minutes before the incis...

Opioids are powerful analgesics when used to treat acute pain and some forms of chronic pain. A large body of literature has shown that opioids can, in addition, also prevent (this review) or induce and perhaps reverse, some forms central sensitisation in in vitro and in vivo animal models of pain. However, the concept of central sensitisation is, at present, ambiguous and the usefulness of opi...