Fouling in crude distillation unit preheat train petroleum refineries is a complex phenomenon. Besides, fouling of equipment by oil undergoes different mechanisms at stages preheating. Hence, understanding the essential formulating appropriate mitigation strategies. In this respect, use concept threshold conditions one approaches for mitigating through operating conditions. Indeed, during study...

A three-dimensional heat transfer model for friction stir welding (FSW) is presented in this paper; a moving coordinate is introduced to reduce the difficulty of modeling the moving tool. Heat input from the tool shoulder and the tool pin are considered in the model. The finite difference method was applied in solving the control equations. A non-uniform grid mesh is generated for the calculati...

Sublimation can be caused not only by irregular S02 production, due to unsteady supply of sulphur, but also by low combustion temperatures. These can occur when insufficient sulphur is pumped into the burner, as in the case of a clogged nozzle, but also because of cold air·used for the combustions. This is especially the case if the S02 production is below its minimum rating for the plant, whic...

This study utilizes OSL-SAR, TL-SAR, and TL-MAAD methods to date heated quartz extracted from burnt clay pottery samples the Lingjiatan archaeological site, China. The OSL components of were determined by deconvoluting CW-OSL curve, Fast Ratio value was used distinguish whether initial signal dominated fast component. results show two types characteristics in signals: Type I is component (Fast ...