background permanent antigenic variation of influenza viruses causes a major concern to develop an effective human influenza vaccine. conserved antigens are new vaccine candidates because it is not necessary to match the prepared vaccine with circulating strains. ion channel m2 protein is conserved among all influenza a viruses, allowing the virus to enter host cells. objectives to prepare an e...

background: the therapy of leishmania infection is difficult and each year 1.5 million new cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis and 500,000 new cases of visceral leishmaniasis are estimated, therefore, there is a need for an effective vaccine. monoclonal antibody (mab) is one of the suitable methods for isolation and purification of leishmania antigens. in this report, we produced several mab again...

background: to use different methods for serodiagnosis of ruminants' haemonchosis is important because detection of egg in the faeces is not so reliable. methods: peptide bands of 5 different crude antigens of intestine, uterus, cuticle, whole male and whole female of hae­monchus contortus were determined using sds-page and western blotting. five lambs were infected with 10,000 third stage larv...

The TopSpec system: new levels in antibody characterisation by top-down mass spectrometry In the project, tools to establish sequence repertoire of human antibodies and their respective antigens have been developed better understand how organism defends itself against diseases. Results obtained confirm that this is a breakthrough technology will revolutionise academic, clinical industrial prote...

Currently, the world is facing COVID-19 epidemic, a disease caused by SARS-CoV-2. Emerging body of molecular evidences suggested similar path to SARS and MERS viruses. A viral particles cascade enters into human through eyes, nose, mouth, few these reaches lower respiratory tract breathing here their spike protein act like key lock epithelial cells which are air sacs in lungs. SARS-CoV-2 undete...

The COVID-19 pandemic has underscored the need for rapid high-throughput methods sensitive and specific serological detection of infection with novel pathogens, such as SARS-CoV-2. Multiplex testing can be particularly useful because it simultaneously analyze antibodies to multiple antigens that optimizes pathogen coverage, controls variability in organism individual host response. Here we desc...