Data arising from social systems is often highly complex, involving non-linear relationships between the macro-level variables that characterize these systems. We present a method for analyzing this type of longitudinal or panel data using differential equations. We identify the best non-linear functions that capture interactions between variables, employing Bayes factor to decide how many inte...

This paper investigates the skills of autonomous agents to reorganize their society as answer to environmental changes. The reorganization of an agent society can be motivated by the desire to reduce connicts within inter-agent cooperation and to increase the eeciency in achieving goals. Our interest is centered on situations where new agents want to join an existing agent society which has est...

We quantify the cost of limited liability rules in a traditional model of investment financing under moral hazard and risk aversion. Under limited liability, we show that external debt and the granting of absolute priority to debtholders are key (but not the unique) ingredients of the optimal financing package. Removing liability limits makes possible a superior contract that punishes the entre...

The executive branch has no authority to legislate—our Constitution vests all legislative powers in Congress alone. This short essay addresses the following question: What test should courts use identify actions by federal government’s that are unlawfully nature? I propose answer: a rule promulgated qualifies as an unconstitutional exercise of power if it purports set standards for enforcing, a...

carcass yield is important economical parameters for producers and contributors of meat science. in the present study, carcass yield and also the weight losses resulted post mortem until consumption were investigated. the mean values of cold carcass and hot carcass weight were 15.63 and 15.33, the mean value of cooling loss was 1.87% and average value of hot and cold efficiency were 41.44% and ...

Abstract International surveys suggest people increasingly agree the climate is changing and humans are cause. One reading of this that have adopted scientific point view. Based on a sample 28 ethnographic cases we argue conclusion might be premature. Communities merge explanations with local knowledge in hybrid ways. This possible because both discourses blame as cause changes they observe. Ho...