Antibodies directed against IgG and DNA are found in the sera of autoimmune MRL/Mp lpr/lpr mice. Little is known of the molecular mechanisms underlying expression of such autoantibodies. We have investigated the binding diversity and pattern of VH gene expression in a panel of murine anti-IgG antibodies. We constructed eight hybridoma clones secreting IgM antibodies that bound to mouse IgG by u...

I document voting behavior in Washington State’s revenue-neutral carbon tax referendum of November 2016. The initiative (I-732) would have taxed carbon emissions from fossil fuels while simultaneously lowering the retail sales tax and certain manufacturing taxes and matching the federal Earned Income Tax Credit. Voters rejected I-732 with 41% voting for and 59% against. Precinct-level vote shar...

the aim of present article is determining economic value of air pollution and environmental effects of mashhad city air pollution. data of 286 households of mashhad was gathered through questionnaire in a survey reaserch using stratified random sampling method in year 2006. in order to detemine environmental effects of air pollution choice experiment approach - which gives the most perfect envi...

The pattern of V. gene family expression in the primary B cell repertoire of the mouse is strain dependent. In C57B1/6 mice, the V. J558 family is expressed by more than 45% of the cells, while the expression of V. 7183, V. Q52, and V. 36-60 families together does not exceed 20%. In BALB/c mice, relative expression of V. J558 is lower than 35%, while the sum of the other three families reaches ...

Antibody (Ab) responses to polysaccharides (PSs) such as Neisseria meningitidis group C PS (MCPS) are characterized as being thymus independent (TI) and are restricted with regard to clonotype and isotype expression. PS conjugated to proteins, e.g., MCPS coupled to tetanus toxoid (MCPS-TT), elicits a thymus-dependent (TD) response. In order to understand the influence of the form of a vaccine (...

The pattern of VH gene family expression in the primary B cell repertoire of the mouse is strain dependent. In C57Bl/6 mice, the VH J558 family is expressed by more than 45% of the cells, while the expression of VH 7183, VH Q52, and VH 36-60 families together does not exceed 20%. In BALB/c mice, relative expression of VH J558 is lower than 35%, while the sum of the other three families reaches ...

One of the most fundamental questions in immunology is how the B lymphocyte immune repertoire develops and diversifies. During ontogeny, there is a temporal appearance of B cells responsive to given antigens during ontogeny (1-8). For example, in the BALB/c strain, B cells responsive to DNP appear first in ontogeny followed by fluorescein, 4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenol and phosphorylcholine-responsiv...