the iranian world has a well-established tradition of images that goes back to anitiquity. the structure relation between text and image become increasingly intricate in illustrated manuscripts, at least from the middle of forteenth century onwards. these links can be observed through the composition and layout of the paintings. these relations seem to be expressed in some persian poetical text...

Under the care op Surgeon John C. Lucas, II. J/.'.? 23rd Iteyt., Bombay N. L. Infantry. The following notes, which are almost a transcript from the writer's note-book, will, it is hoped, be deemed sufficiently interesting to warrant their publication in these columns. History.?Patient, Private F.. H. M.'s 63rd Regiment of Foot, set. 24 years, length of service 4 years, says he was well up to th...

Social stratification, formation of various classes and appearance of various layers in the society is a fact resulting from social conditions of public life and a wide variety of material, economic and subsistence factors as well as political situation, religious beliefs and public customs and thoughts; also ethnic divisions play an essential and undeniable role in this field. Greed and coveto...

in his article, “an ecocritical reading of saʿdī’s ‘the mocaddamah; or, introduction to the gulistan of shaikh sadi’” massih zekavat argues that some aspects of ecological conceptualizations seem to have remained unchanged in iran since the thirteenth century. he also explores the possibility of applying one of the most recent western critical approaches to a distinguished text in the persian l...

Tarekat Syattariyah adalah satu dari sekian banyak tarekat yang berkembang di Indonesia. ini didirikan oleh Syah Abd-Allah al-Syattar (w.890 H/1485 M) berasal daerah India. Masuk ke Indonesia bawa Syaikh Abdurrauf bin Ali al-Jawi al-Sinkili (1024-1105 H/1615-1693 M). Ia seorang Ulama ahli hukum Islam (fiqh) sekaligus tasawuf bermukim Kerajaaan Aceh pada sekitar Abad 17. Di sana menjadi Qadi (ha...

In his article, “An Ecocritical Reading of Saʿdī’s ‘The Mocaddamah; or, Introduction to the Gulistan of Shaikh Sadi’” Massih Zekavat argues that some aspects of ecological conceptualizations seem to have remained unchanged in Iran since the thirteenth century. He also explores the possibility of applying one of the most recent western critical approaches to a distinguished text in the Persian l...

The purpose of this article is to study the forms public organization Muslims in Siberia at beginning XX century. At that time, religious Muslim communities within its modern borders were part Orenburg Mohammedan Spiritual Assembly (OMDS, Makhkama-i-shargya), which also served parishes Akmola region and a number cities territory Kazakhstan. based on use comparative-historical, typological, prob...