One of the most common positioning errors in panoramic radiography is palatoglossal air space above the apices of the root of maxillary teeth. It causes a radiolucency obscuring the apices of maxillary teeth. In the case of this positioning error, the imaging should be repeated. This causes the patient be exposed to radiation again. To avoid the repetition of exposing harmful X-rays to the pati...

Introduction Breast cancer is one of the most common types of cancer among women.  Early detection of breast cancer is the key to reducing the associated mortality rate. The presence of microcalcifications clusters (MCCs) is one of the earliest signs of breast cancer. Due to poor imaging contrast of mammograms and noise contamination, radiologists may overlook some diagnostic signs, specially t...

Steganography is a way to communicate a message such that no one except the sender and recipient suspects the existence of the message. This type of covert communication lends itself to a variety of different purposes such as spy-to-spy communication, exchange of pornographic material hidden in innocuous image files, and other illicit acts. Computer forensic personnel have an interest in testin...

The current X-ray systems used by airport security personnel for the detection of contraband, and objects such as knives and guns that can impact the security of a flight, have limited effect because of the limited display quality of the X-ray images. Since the displayed images do not possess optimal contrast and sharpness, it is possible for the security personnel to miss potentially hazardous...

In this paper, a general framework for image contrast enhancement algorithm based on an optimization problem is presented. Through this optimization, the intensities can be better distributed. The algorithm is based on the facts that the histogram of the enhanced image is close to the input image histogram and uniform distribution, simultaneously. Based on this fact, we obtain a closed form opt...

Introduction: In order to reduce patient setup error in treatment field, portal images with treatment beam (megavoltage x-ray) are widely used. These images are acquired by electronic portal imaging devices (EPID). However, portal images suffer from insufficient anatomical information, contrast, and spatial resolution, because of the fact that Compton scatter is the main photon...

purpose: to recognize affective factors in delivering x-ray contrast agents (which have high atomic number) via gallium carrier to liver or lymphatic neoplasm cells.   materials and methods: since uptake of gallium by liver has been reported in numerous researches, it was bonded with a contrast media (metrizoate). x-ray imaging was done to determine geometric features of liver.   results: radio...