The authors propose a concept for protection relay systems for operation within a Smart Grid and describe the results of a prototype development. This paper introduces each of the system characteristics that should be considered for protection operation within Smart Grid, and the evaluation methods that were applied under both normal and faulted conditions. The results of a field trial in the 6...

Node churn is a hindrance to construction of P2P-based anonymous networks, which makes anonymous paths fragile and results in message losses and communication failures. A collaboration scheme combining Friendly Neighbor-based Incentive (FNI) and Re-encryption mechanism is proposed to deal with the high node churn characteristic of P2P networks. The FNI mechanism encourages peers to forward othe...

In order to carry out the simulation of the electrical noise, a pulse generator with fast rise time is needed. For this reason, the pulse generator using a coaxial cable is usually used. The pulse generator consists of a DC power supply, a charging resistor, a coaxial cable, a relay, and a terminator. Even the same voltage as charge voltage was outputted when the termination of the impedance wa...

Geocast is a one to many communication, where a packet is delivered to a set of spatially contagious nodes. In military and disaster management application it is a primitive communication service. We propose a Grid based Opportunistic Geocast (GOG) for spatially separated wireless sensor networks with a three tier architecture composing sensor nodes, Mobile nodes (MN) and Data MULEs (DM) with d...

In order to carry out the simulation of the electrical noise, a pulse generator with fast rise time is needed. For this reason, the pulse generator using a coaxial cable is usually used. The pulse generator consists of a DC power supply, a charging resistor, a coaxial cable, a relay, and a terminator. Even the same voltage as charge voltage was outputted when the termination of the impedance wa...

rotection schemes employing the differential relaying principle exhibit certain limitations in applications with power transformers. This is because the detection of a differential current does not clearly distinquish between internal faults and other possible conditions. Among the phenomena most likely to upset the current balance and cause the relay to malfunction are inrush magnetizing curre...

Accuracy of biological discrimination at the molecular level is known in some systems to involve kinetic proofreading mechanisms. Hopfield and Ninio were the first to propose simple specific kinetic mechanisms for such proofreading and to demonstrate that an energy cost accompanies their improvement in accuracy. Savageau and Freter subsequently derived the explicit cost-accuracy relationship fo...

To effectively predict the life of high voltage dc power relay, authors design structure relay to extending its life. The contact failure mechanism products is analyzed by observing appearance several failures. electromagnetic-thermal field coupling model established and state heat flow distribution temperature increase between electrical thermal contacts are through simulations experiments. An...

The paper studies the capacity of the OFDM and the OFDMA relay networks. Two relay schemes, amplify-and-forward (AF) relay and decode-and-forward (DF) relay are analyzed and compared for both OFDM and OFDMA relay networks. A relay node selection algorithm is proposed for OFDMA relay network. Numerical results show that under small relay power transmission, AF outperforms DF while the opposite i...

in this paper, a combination of MIMO and network coding, based on MINEC protocol, is used for improving the performance of the relay networks in fading environments. We have introduced the concept of channel estimation into the proposed three-node relay network. When the receiver is having no knowledge of the channel, then the Rayleigh fading channel has to be estimated using some technique, as...