1. introduction cultural infrastructure in adopting appropriate teaching and learning methods in efl classes is crucial. the meaning of silence is culture-bound and cultural guidelines govern when and why one employs silence. learning to speak and write in english in iranian efl classrooms seems to be a process of challenging one’s values. iranian efl learners, with a “silence is gold” mentalit...

Past research argues that religious commitments shape individuals’ prosocial sentiments, including their generosity and solidarity. But what drives the prosociality of less religious people? Three studies tested the hypothesis that, with fewer religious expectations of prosociality, less religious individuals’ levels of compassion will play a larger role in their prosocial tendencies. In Study ...

Researchers have found that religious affiliation, religious attendance, religious beliefs, and prayer are associated with teen sexual attitudes and behavior.(Wallace & Williams, 1997; Whitehead, Wilcox, & Rostosky, 2001) Holding strong religious beliefs and praying are linked to reduced sexual activity among adolescents (Meier, 2003; Resnick et al., 1997) and teens (girls in particular) from m...

This study investigated the effects of religious education on student religious identity over and above parent religiosity by examining student perceptions of two aspects of teacher functioning: teacher caring and teacher as role-model. We posited that effects of these variables on students' religious identity are mediated by student perceptions that the school provides a non-alienating religio...

Today, mobile and its effective presence in all aspects of human life has become undeniable. The presence compared to the internet and its effect is broader and more progressive. The mobile phones and especially applications such as the SMS services are no longer a technical tool but it has a various media function, cultural, social, economic, political and shaping its own culture. This paper a...

Within the last few years the relationship between religiousness and psychosocial adjustment has become a subject of increasing interest. However, previous research did not explicitly differentiate between dispositional religious commitment and situation-specific religious coping. The current cross-sectional study investigated the relative power of religious commitment, positive and negative re...

is the language of religion the same as the common language? various doctrines have been presented. meanwhile، wittgenstein offered two different doctrines in two different time periods. during the first period، he accepts the theory of common and visual language. but during the second period، he criticized his previous doctrine and offered the doctrine of “language games”، which means language...

with the advent of new media and communication theory, and consequently their particular social circumstances of each period, a new look at the interaction between religion and the media has taken shape. . interaction between religion and the media, both as a social institution and as the message and the means of transport, according to a media functions and religious aspects of each of the maj...