The recording of multiple interval-censored failure times is common in dental research. Modeling multilevel data has been a difficult task. This paper aims to use the Bayesian approach to analyze a set of multilevel clustered interval-censored data from a clinical study to investigate the effectiveness of silver diamine fluoride and sodium fluoride varnish in arresting active dentin caries in C...

BACKGROUND Fluoride contamination of groundwater, both anthropogenic and natural, is a major problem worldwide and hence its removal attracted much attention to have clean aquatic systems. In the present work, removal of fluoride ions from drinking water tested using synthesized γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles. METHODS Nanoparticles were synthesized in co-precipitation method. The prepared particles we...

Ground water is the major source of freshwater on the earth. Groundwater containing dissolved ions beyond the permissible limit is harmful and not suitable for domestic use. Fluoride beyond desirable amounts (0.6 to 1.5mg/l) in groundwater is a major problem in many parts of the world. The fluorides belong to the halogen group of minerals and are natural constituents of the environment. Fluorid...

Fe2O3 nano particles supported on functionalized poly-acrylonitrile was prepared. PAN-oxime-nano Fe2O3 was characterized by XRD, FTIR and TEM and used for fluoride adsorption. The adsorption capacity increased with increasing initial fluoride concentration and reaction time. Fluoride-removal performance of PAN-oxime-nano Fe2O3 was also tested in the presence of various competing anions usually ...

In fluoride endemic areas, especially small communities with staggered habitat, defluoridation of potable water supply is still a problem. In this respect household defluoridation techniques with attendant regeneration would be more appropriate and the present study is directed towards development of point-of-use domestic candletype filters for removal of fluoride from water employing activated...

Natural organic matter (NOM) is a major water constituent that affects the performance of drinking water treatment processes and the quality of drinking water. Besides, several studies have shown that NOM can be adsorbed on the surface of oxides being thereby able to compete with other ions. The overall goal of this study was essentially to investigate the competitive adsorption between fluorid...

The problems related to groundwater contamination by Iron and Fluoride are common and serious all over the world, especially in developing countries. Excess amounts of these contaminants have created health problems. For this reason, the maximum permissible limit for iron given by WHO and BIS is 1 mg/l, however 0.3 mg/l is the desirable limit. For fluoride, the maximum permissible limit is 1.5 ...

In this work, calcined chitosan-supported layered double hydroxides (CSLDO) were synthesized through a co-precipitation method that restrained the particles' aggregation of LDHs and exhibited huge specific surface areas, which can enhance the fluoride adsorption capacity. CSLDOs were characterized by physical and chemical methods and used for fluoride adsorption in an aqueous solution. The resu...

Nanofiltration (NF) membrane can efficiently remove the ions from groundwater, especially for high valence ions. Results show that the removal rate of fluoride was approximately 67% by the NF system, while for arsenic the removal rate was more than 93%. NF presented the well selective removal for fluoride. The quality of product water meets the national drinking water standards. Therefore, the ...