metallothionein (mt) manifests varying expression levels in carcinomas, and they may be considered as valuable cell cancerization biomarkers for diagnosis of patients with cancers. a meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate comprehensively the mt expression difference in various benign tumors and malignant tumors, which compared the high with low mt expression levels in patients of the available...

PURPOSE Tissue biomarker discovery is potentially limited by conventional tumor measurement techniques, which have an uncertain ability to accurately distinguish sensitive and resistant tumors. Semiautomated volumetric measurement of computed tomography imaging has the potential to more accurately capture tumor growth dynamics, allowing for more exact separation of sensitive and resistant tumor...

Chemotherapy research highly prioritizes overcoming the multidrug resistance (MDR) in human tumors. Liposomal formulation of fluoxetine, as a fourth generation chemosensitizer, was constructed and characterized for percent entrapment, release profile, morphology, particle size, zeta potential and stability. Liposomes were prepared using different active loading techniques. The influence of diff...

The exon 5 deletion splice variant of estrogen receptor (delta 5 ER), which in vitro is constitutively active in the absence of estrogens, may have a role in conferring both tamoxifen resistance and ER-related phenotype in breast cancer. We have investigated the expression of this variant in vivo (at the level of mRNA) in relation to known tamoxifen resistance and expression of the estrogen-reg...

Chemotherapy is often used for breast cancer treatment, but individual outcome varies widely. We hypothesized that tumor proteomic profiles obtained prior to chemotherapy may predict the individual tumor response to treatment. The goal of our study was to explore feasibility of using proteomic profiling to preselect patients for an effective chemotherapeutic regimen. Tumors from 52 patients wit...

We previously showed that in innately resistant tumors, silencing of the estrogen receptor (ER) could be reversed by treatment with a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, entinostat. Tumors were then responsive to aromatase inhibitor (AI) letrozole. Here, we investigated whether ER in the acquired letrozole-resistant tumors could be restored with entinostat. Ovariectomized athymic mice were in...

Seventy-five percent of lung adenocarcinomas with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations respond to treatment with the tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) gefitinib and erlotinib; however, drug-resistant tumors eventually emerge. In 60% of cases, resistant tumors carry a secondary mutation in EGFR (T790M), amplification of MET, or both. Here, we describe the establishment of erlotinib ...

Regulation of gene transcription as a consequence of steroid receptor-DNA interaction is mediated via nuclear receptor interacting proteins (RIPs), including coactivator or corepressor proteins, which interact with both the receptor and components of the basic transcriptional unit and vary between cell types. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that resistance of some breast carcin...

Treatment of advanced cancers has benefited from new agents that supplement or bypass conventional therapies. However, even effective therapies fail as cancer cells deploy a wide range of resistance strategies. We propose that evolutionary dynamics ultimately determine survival and proliferation of resistant cells. Therefore, evolutionary strategies should be used with conventional therapies to...

AIM 3'-deoxy-3'-[¹⁸F]fluorothymidine ([18F]FLT) is a tracer used to assess cell proliferation in vivo. The aim of the study was to use [18F]FLT positron emission tomography (PET) to study non-invasively early anti-proliferative effects of the experimental chemotherapeutic agent TP202377 in both sensitive and resistant tumors. METHODS Xenografts in mice from 3 human cancer cell lines were used...