We consider optimal dynamic multidrug therapies for human immunodeficiency virus(HIV) type 1 infection. We describe an optimal tracking problem attempting to move the state of the system from an “unhealthy” state (high virus load and low immune response) to a “healthy” one (with low viral load and high immune effector levels). We consider feedback control with full state as well as with partial...

Weanling crossbred pigs were used in a 5-week trial to evaluate the eff ects of biotin and porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) challenge on serum cytokine concentrations and humoral immunoresponse. Although not signifi cant, there was a trend towards reduced interferon-γ concentration in the challenged pigs compared to the controls, especially at 14 and 21 days postinoculation (dpi). Biotin supple...

some important compatibility that occur with exercise is increase of the capillary density or angiogenesis. vascular endothelial growth factor (vegf) have mitogen role for endothelial cells and consider an important intermediary angiogenesis process. the purpose of this study was comparing the effect of two type of physical activity on response of serum vegf-a in non-athlete men. for this aim 1...

industries in developing countries add new production lines producing altogether different waste stream. this newer waste invariably finds its way to existing anaerobic treatment system causing gradual/sudden change in feed substrates affecting its steady performances. this study investigates steady response of anaerobic reactors subjected to sudden change in feed substrate types, assesses its ...

Based on the data of vertical sounding ionosphere in Almaty 2000–2008, paper deals with response F2-layer to passage large-scale traveling ionospheric disturbances (LSTIDs) and formation nighttime enhancements electron concentration F2-layer. For these two types perturbations, we compared behavior time following layer parameters: height maximum (hmF), bottom (hbotF), half-thickness (Δh = hmF − ...