Some attention has been paid to defining all the terms used, even some commonplace terms which either have or need to be assigned a technical meaning, to eliminate ambiguity. The definition of a term may usually be found in proximity to its first use, after that use (that is, the presentation style is “lazy” rather than “greedy”). Commonplace words used with commonplace meanings are left undefi...

Timely and proactive wildlife conservation requires strategies for determining which species are most at the greatest threat of extinction. Here, we suggest that evolutionary theory, particularly the concept of specialization, can be a useful tool to inform such assessments and may greatly aid in our ability to predict the vulnerabilities of species to anthropogenic impacts.

Experimental and ethological studies were undertaken to clarify the role of positive and negative evaluations in the control of the child's performance on laboratory and classroom learning tasks. The results indicate that "social reinforcers" are effective to the extent that they communicate to the child unambiguous information on the adequacy of his performance. These events are normally of on...

We assessed the efficacy of, and preference for, accumulated access to reinforcers, which allows uninterrupted engagement with the reinforcers but imposes an inherent delay required to first complete the task. Experiment 1 compared rates of task completion in 4 individuals who had been diagnosed with intellectual disabilities when reinforcement was distributed (i.e., 30-s access to the reinforc...

To meet state and OSHA requirements for dealing with and reporting workplace violence, a growing number of hospitals, the author reports, are turning to baseline workplace violence assessments which survey employees in different roles, combined with a threat analysis and an analysis of existing controls and historical incidents that can be reviewed and tracked over time to show improvement or d...

1. ABSTRACT This paper will focus on changes to the implementation of road safety inspections in Ireland following the requirement, under EU Directive 2008/96/EC on Road Infrastructure Safety Management (2008), for the establishment of periodic road safety inspections (RSI) of existing roads, along with safety impact assessments, high accident concentration ranking and road safety audits (RSA)....

INTRODUCTION Healthcare organisations have a responsibility for ensuring that the governance of workplace settings creates a culture that supports good professional practice. Encouraging such a culture needs to start from an understanding of the factors that make it difficult for health professionals to raise issues of concern in relation to patient safety. The focus of this study is to determi...