Tropospheric scintillation is a phenomenon that will cause signal degradation in satellite communication with low fade margin. Few studies of scintillation have been conducted in tropical regions. To analyze tropospheric scintillation, we obtain data from a satellite link installed at Bandung, Indonesia, at an elevation angle of 64.7° and a frequency of 12.247 GHz from 1999 to 2000. The data ar...

Glycolipid synthetases can be assayed conveniently by incubating the lipid substrate with the radiosugar-labeled nucleotide in a small plastic scintillation vial. At the end of the incubation period, water and perchloric acid are added, then n-butanol, then a toluene-based scintillation cocktail. The radioactive lipid partitions into the scintillation fluid, leaving excess sugar nucleotide in t...

The low latitude ionosphere poses a challenge to both GPS users and Satellite-Based Augmentation System (SBAS) providers. Single and dual frequency GPS receivers used in low-latitude regions can suffer from rapid amplitude and phase fluctuations known as scintillation. Scintillation occurs when the GPS or SBAS satellite signal travels through small-scale irregularities in electron density in th...

in this paper, the effects of scintillation phenomena on bit error rate (ber) and signal to noise ratio (snr), which are essential characteristics in free space optical (fso) communication system, are studied. until now various methods have been introduced to decrease ber and increase the link's reliability. optimizing snr is one of the fundamental methods to decrease ber value. intensity fluct...

The indoor 222Rn radionuclide was directly absorbed in typical 20 ml glass scintillation vials by passing -3 dm3 of ambient air through 16 ml of water-immiscible non-volataile scintillation cocktail Ultima-Gold F for 10 min. The activity of radon and its two α-emitting daughters: 218Po and 214Po, was determined with the BetaScout low-background liquid scintillation counter. The limit of 222Rn d...

A method is described using Triton X-100 scintillant to simplify liquid scintillation counting of (55)Fe alone or in combination with (59)Fe. The Triton acts as an efficient solubilizing agent allowing small volumes of aqueous solutions of iron compounds in hydrochloric acid to be counted. The efficiencies achieved are comparable with those of previously described methods whilst the technique i...

The new Lcica RM 2165 automatic, heavy-duty microtome has an advanced step motor that permits an exact specimen feed and reproducible sectioning results. Features include 70 mm vertical stroke length, unique step trim function, and programmable specimen retraction. Technical features include a handwheel rocking sectioning mode; the motorized specimen feed can be linked to change the handwheel t...

This paper reports simultaneous observations of ionospheric scintillation during an auroral substorm that were made using an all-sky full-color digital single-lens reflex (DSLR) camera (ASC) and a Global Positioning System (GPS) ionospheric scintillation and total electron content monitor (GISTM) in Tromsø (69.60 N, 19.20 E), Norway. On the night of November 19, 2009, a small substorm occurred ...

The scintillation index is formulated for modified Bessel-Gaussian beams propagating in weakly turbulent media. Numerical calculations applied directly to the derived triple integral show that, for off-axis positions, the modified Bessel-Gaussian beams of higher than zero order scintillate less than Gaussian beams at large input beam sizes and low beam orders with the increasing width parameter...

Post-sunset disturbances in the equatorial ionosphere routinely cause rapid phase and amplitude fluctuations (i.e., scintillation) of radio waves propagating through the disturbed regions. The intensity of scintillations is positively correlated with the solar cycle and the associated signal fades will often exceed 20 dB at L-band frequencies during solar maximum. The effect of such an environm...