introduction: aluminum is known as a neurotoxic element which causes neurodegeneration, learning deduction and movement disorders. aluminum ions in the brain cause serious problems such as alzheimer, parkinson and other degenerative diseases. on the other hand, zinc is a dietary element essential for several biological processes, modulates neurotransmission in brain regions and associates with ...

The effects of acute and chronic treatment with ethanol on transport of reducing equivalents into mitochondria via the malate-aspartate shuttle were studied in perfused rat liver. The shuttle capacity was estimated from the decrease in rates of glucose production from the reduced substrate sorbitol caused by an increase in the NADH/NAD+ ratio in the cytosol due to metabolism of ethanol. The gre...

We read with interest Luzardo et al’s technical note in the December issue of the AJNR. Although we are pleased that the new Envoy 6F guide catheter (Cordis, Miami Lakes, Fla) facilitated a dualmicrocatheter procedure with a single arterial access, it should be noted that this is by no means a new technique. The 6F Envoy guide catheter with an inner diameter of 0.070 inches and outer diameter o...