introduction: the glutamatergic system plays an important role in learning and memory. administration of crocus sativus (saffron) or its constituent, crocin, facilitates the formation of memory. this research investigated the effect of crocin on antagonizing retrograde amnesia induced by ketamine, a glutamatergic receptor antagonist, in rats by shuttle box. methods:  male wistar rats were teste...

introduction: biological effects of magnetic fields have been investigated by scientists for many years and a vast amount of research using different frequencies and intensities have been performed on humans and laboratory animals. the results of these studies, which have mostly been done by applying high frequencies, have shown that electromagnetic fields are effective on structure and functio...

An Automated Storage and Retrieval System (AS/RS) operates a shuttle with computer process control to execute the storage and retrieval of warehouse stock. It can be equipped with the traditional single shuttle or the newly developed twin shuttle. There has been a significant literature on the comparison of single shuttle systems versus twin shuttle systems. Researchers agree that twin shuttle ...

background and aims: newcastle disease virus (ndv) is one of the major pathogen in poultry. vaccination is intended to control the disease as an effective solution nevertheless this virus is a growing threat to the poultry industry. f gene open reading frame (orf) from ndv is 1650 bp, encoding a protein of 553 amino acids that can induce protective immunity alone. the f glycoprotein on the surf...

introduction: estrogen is one of the gonadal hormones that has multiple beneficial actions in central nervous system and involves in learning and memory. alzheimer's disease (ad) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that impairs patient memory. the human nucleus basalis of meynert (nbm) is severely affected in alzheimer's disease. so in this study the effect of peripheral (intr...