the present study was an attempt to conduct a contrastive analysis between general english (ge) and english for specific purposes (esp) texts in terms of cohesion and cohesive devices. to this end, thirty texts from different esp and ge textbooks were randomly selected. then they were analyzed manually to find the frequency of cohesive devices. cohesive devices include reference, substitution, ...

Extended abstract 1- Introduction Fluvial and aeolian processes are important factors in changing the surface of morphology in the Earth. When rivers and sand dunes meet, the transportation of sediment  between them can lead to one of the systems or both  of them change. With their connection between river sediment and wind systems there would be lots of reactions, but very little has been st...

abstract the present study was conducted to examine the effect of proficiency on students interaction while carrying out the grammar-based task(s) in collaboration. in particular, the study examines whether the level of proficiency affects the learners’ focus of attention to grammatical and lexical features. the study takes a further step and examines whether there is any difference in the use...

Introduction: At present, about 36% of the land surface is covered by arid and semi-arid areas, with 19% of these levels completely dry and no plant life. In Iran, between one third and one-fourth of Iran's dry surfaces are covered with Sand and Sand Dunes. The arid and semi-arid conditions of Iran have caused about 80 million hectares of Iran to be covered by desert areas, sand dunes and insi...

purpose a metabolic abnormality such as obesity is a major obstacle in the maintenance of the human health system and causes various chronic diseases including type 2 diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, as well as various cancers. this study was designed to summarize the recent scientific knowledge regarding the anti-obesity role of curcumin (diferuloylmethane), which is isolated f...