Begomoviruses are plant-infecting viruses, which are transmitted by the whitefly vector Bemisia tabaci. They have a genome of single-stranded DNA that consists of either a single (monopartite) or two components (bipartite) with a component size of approximately 2.8 kb. Many monopartite begomoviruses in the Old World have been found to be associated with betasatellite and alphasatellite molecule...

Wrinkling, developed due to compressive instability, is one of the main failure modes in deep drawing processes. Depending on die geometry and blank holder force, it can be observed as flange wrinkling and/or side-wall wrinkling. In this study, cylindrical cup process investigated by using different constitutive models that are formed CPB06ex2, Hill’48, BBC2008-8p BBC2008-16p yield criteria wit...

This study sought to examine any differences in upper rectus abdominis (URA) and lower rectus abdominis (LRA) muscle activity during four abdominal exercises, the curl-up, Swiss ball curl-up, Swiss ball jackknife and Swiss ball rollout. Fourteen healthy adults (7 males, 7 females, mean age+/-S.D.=21.8+/-3.8 years) performed abdominal exercises in a randomised order following maximal voluntary i...

This paper describes the application of neural network techniques to the papermaking industry, particularly for the prediction of paper "curl." Paper curl is an important quality measure that can only be measured reliably off-line after manufacture, making it difficult to control. Here we predict, before paper manufacture from characteristics of the current reel, whether the paper curl will be ...

A trisonic wind tunnel has been modified to improve its flow quality when operating at transonic speeds through perforated walls and side suctions. The usefulness of such a perforated wall, already known, is reduction of the blockage effect as well as the shock elimination. Two types of perforated walls have been used in this investigation. The first wall had a porosity of about 22% and the hol...

For plant viruses to systemically infect a host requires the active participation of viral-encoded movement proteins. It has been suggested that BL1 and BR1, the two movement proteins encoded by the bipartite geminivirus squash leaf curl virus (SqLCV), act cooperatively to facilitate movement of the viral single-stranded DNA genome from its site of replication in the nucleus to the cell periphe...