The hesitant fuzzy soft set (HFSS), as a combination of hesitant fuzzy and soft sets, is regarded as a useful tool for dealing with the uncertainty and ambiguity of real-world problems. In HFSSs, each element is defined in terms of several parameters with arbitrary membership degrees. In addition, distance and similarity measures are considered as the important tools in different areas such as ...

Indexing is an effective way to support efficient query processing in large databases. Recently the concept of learned index , which replaces or complements traditional index structures with machine learning models, has been actively explored reduce storage and search costs. However, accurate s...