Background Epidemiological transition (ET) theory, first postulated in 1971, has developed alongside changes in population structures over time. However, understandings of mortality transitions and associated epidemiological changes remain poorly defined for public health practitioners. Here, we review the concept and development of ET theory, contextualising this in empirical evidence, which v...

ibn-khaldun,s social change theory has been often classified as cyclic theoty of social changes that has three stages includes in generation, growth and progress and ultimately regressive and decadence. but, what is inferred by rethink in text of ibn-khaldun,s moghaddame, are two different courses,as interrelated to each other, “civilizational evolution” and “cyclic changes of state.avoiding ma...

At this point in history, videogames have reached a point in its maturity where huge industries rule the market and mainstream tastes dictate the design of videogames. As the videogame market has developed, the industry has transformed the innovative electronic laboratories that created original games such as Adventure and Space Invaders into factories of concept reiteration. The economics of t...

Declining population as well as population aging has substantial impacts on the economy and on the society. By contrast, the size of the population usually does not matter for economic development, if it is stable; Switzerland and Sweden, for example, are rich countries with fewer than 10 million people. However, the process of declining does matter, particularly when it is accompanied by a sig...