The European Union is at a critical juncture in its history, not only in relation to the proposed constitution and planned enlargement, but also with respect to engagement with health and social issues. This publication provides an overview of health policy development within the European Union and the implications for Finnish health policies. Health is currently on the agenda in several sphere...

Online Social Networks (OSNs) offer access control mechanisms to protect users’ sensitive information from undesired accesses. Yet, their information is still vulnerable to disclosure when their friends assign conflicting privacy policies: a user prohibits everyone from accessing his own content or profile but his friends allow others to see it. OSNs tend to select Permit-Take-Precedence when r...

the nomad communities played an important role in the socio-economic status of the iranian society from the beginning of the twentieth century. following the political events of reza shah such as settling strategy, the nomads lost their importance and marginalized. the present paper aims study the social and cultural transitions among the turkman tribe to find out how settling strategy led to t...

background: in this regard, in iran a plan was developed and accordingly 52 indicators to measure equity inhealth were developed and announced by the ministry of health in collaboration with other sectors.this study aims to obtain a deeper understanding of the development of health equity indicators andidentify their implementation challenges and proposed solutions from the perspective of polic...

many of the societal level factors that affect health – the ‘social determinants of health (sdh)’ – exist outside the health sector, across diverse portfolios of government, and other major institutions including non-governmental organisations (ngos) and the private sector. this has created growing interest in how to create and implement public policies which will drive better and fairer health...

Quebec has a distinctive character among the Canadian provinces not only because of its majority French-speaking population, its culture, its social democratic values, and its institutions, but also because of the flamboyant style of its public policies and legislation. The article by Bernier in the last issue of the Journal stresses this distinctive character as applied to public health and he...

this article strive to examine and explaine national sources of the foreign policy of the islamic republic of iran. cultural, historical, geographic, ideological, social, and economic variables, as societal sources, will lead to the continuation of some behaviours in iran’s foreign policy. the author argues that to better understand iran’s foreign policy, one must pay attention to the above var...