The direct link between microstructure and material properties is the core principle underpinning modern material science and engineering. Phase transformations in solids and solidification of melts have been extensively studied to the point where the key elementary processes, process steps and process variables are well understood. Less well investigated and less well understood are the change...

Simultaneous reactions between solids and gases are very important in the chemical and metallurgical processes. In the modeling, the chemical reaction and diffusion of gases must be considered. Therefore, a set of coupled partial differential equations is found. When the kinetic is a function of solid concentration, there is not any analytical solution for these equations. Therefore, numerical ...

Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and isothermal calorimetry have been applied extensively to the analysis of light metals, especially Al based alloys. Isothermal calorimetry and differential scanning calorimetry are used for analysis of solid state reactions, such as precipitation, homogenisation, devitrivication and recrystallisation; and solid–liquid reactions, such as incipient meltin...

The mechanism of hydrothermal liquefaction of cypress was investigated by examining the effects of temperature and retention time on the characteristics of the solid residues remaining after liquefaction. The solid residues were divided into acid-soluble and acid-insoluble residues. Results showed the polymerization reactions also mainly occurred at low temperatures. The reactive fragments tran...