This research examines two different kinds of feedback-mechanism to scaffold problem solving as well as interaction in computer-mediated seminars. An automated feedback mechanism has been used to enhance interaction and group wellbeing during computer supported collaborative learning. We tracked individual contribution behaviour as well as learners’ motivation during collaborative problemsolvin...

This research examines two different kinds of feedback-mechanism to scaffold problem solving as well as interaction in an asynchronous PBL course. An automated feedback mechanism has been used to enhance interaction and group well-being during computer supported collaborative learning. We tracked individual contribution behavior as well as learners’ motivation during collaborative problemsolvin...

Fluency in a second language (L2) involves a quintessentially cognitive processing system that operates quickly and effectively. The perceived importance of researching fluency through a psycholinguistic lens has motivated the related L2 research to resort to current cognitive speaking-specific models. This study, drawing on Levelt’s (1999a) psycholinguistic model, probed the deficiency sources...

the close relationship between the immune system and the central nervous system (cns) has been well-studied. the cns regulates almost all the functions of the immune system; however, the effect and/or the control of the immune system on the cns has not been well-studied yet. recent reports suggest that the cns has its own defence mechanism(s). in this review, attempts have been made to discuss ...

Rates of innovative foraging behaviours and success on problem-solving tasks are often used to assay differences in cognition, both within and across species. Yet the cognitive features of some problem-solving tasks can be unclear. As such, explanations that attribute cognitive mechanisms to individual variation in problem-solving performance have revealed conflicting results. We investigated i...