The manuscript reports experimental measurements of velocity components recorded with a sonic anemometer in the Atmospheric Boundary Layer (ABL) over homogeneous terrain. The goal of the work is to study the behaviour of the wind fluctuations integral scale, and so-called fractal dimension, at changing the atmospheric stratification. Temporal resolution is moderate, but this is not a problem in...

A multigrid approach using conditional coarsening in constructing solvers for non-elliptic equations on a rectangular grid is presented. Such an approach permits the achievement of a full multigrid efficiency even in the case where the equation characteristics do not align with the grid. The 2D sonic-flow equation linearized over a constant velocity field has been chosen as the model problem. A...

Sonic spray ionization is shown to create a supersonic cloud of charged droplets able to promote efficient desorption and ionization of drugs directly from the surfaces of commercial drug tablets at ambient conditions. Compared with desorption electrospray ionization (DESI), desorption sonic spray ionization (DeSSI) is advantageous since it uses neither heating nor high voltages at the spray ca...

The neutrally stable atmospheric surface layer is used as a physical model of a very high Reynolds number, canonical turbulent boundary layer. Challenges and limitations with this model are addressed in detail, including the inherent thermal stratification, surface roughness and non-stationarity of the atmosphere. Concurrent hot-wire and sonic anemometry data acquired in Utah's western desert p...

The manuscript reports experimental measurements of velocity components recorded with a sonic anemometer in the Atmospheric Boundary Layer (ABL) over homogeneous terrain. The goal of the work is to study the behaviour of the wind fluctuations integral scale, and so-called fractal dimension, at changing the atmospheric stratification. Temporal resolution is moderate, but this is not a problem in...

• The actual flow rate is constant for the outlet pressure range of 35.30 psig to as low as a complete vacuum. The flow rate can be obtained from the charts on pages 16-18; e.g. for an orifice of .010" diameter and with 80 psig inlet pressure, the choked flow rate is 8.4 scfh (page 16). This flow rate will be constant for all outlet pressure conditions between 35.30 psig and full vacuum. 0 1 .5...

In recent years there has been a great deal of attention paid by researchers in investigating ionic liquids (ILs) mainly due to the tremendous potential that ionic liquids have in reaction and separation technology. Sonic speed is an important thermodynamic property of ionic liquids (ILs) and always chosen as a source to determine other properties. A database for the sonic speed of pure ILs cre...

A study is presented of a miniature ultrasonic surgical drill designed for bone biopsy, based on an ultrasonic/sonic drill which converts high frequency to low frequency vibrations through a freely vibrating mass between an ultrasonic transducer-horn and a drill bit. For conventional surgical drilling using a rotary drill or an ultrasonic drill, considerable power is required to penetrate into ...