This study investigates the effect of participative political institutions (PPIs) that emerged in many central European cities from the late 13th century. The empirical analysis of the paper is based on newly compiled long-run data for the existence of different types of PPIs in 104 cities in the Holy Roman Empire. The effect of both an overall index of participativeness of political institutio...

We consider the set of squares n2, n < 2k, and split up the sum of binary digits s(n2) into two parts s[<k](n 2) + s[≥k](n 2), where s[<k](n 2) = s(n2 mod 2k) collects the first k digits and s[≥k](n 2) = s(bn2/2kc) collects the remaining digits. We present very precise results on the distribution on s[<k](n 2) and s[≥k](n 2). For example, we provide asymptotic formulas for the numbers #{n < 2k ...

For the past few years, regionalism has been progressing in East Asia with the likes of China, Japan, and Korea (CJK) as the most prominent actors. Unfortunately, with the absence of trade arrangement amongst the CJK, the present regional trade scheme is not sufficient to reach sustainability. This paper uncovers the inefficient scheme through Engle-Granger Cointegration and Error Correction Me...

Active political participation from the citizenry is essential for a healthy democracy. However, research finds a significant sex gap in political participation, limiting the influence of a substantial group from the political system and democratic representation. This division by sex is further marked by the types of political activities in which males and females engage. Candidates, elected o...

Research on work-family conflict has focused on individuals, and little is known as to how spouses perceive each other’s work-family conflict and how inaccuracies of such perceptions relate to relationship quality. Using a national sample of dual-earner married and cohabiting couples (N = 545), we found that over half of spouses overestimate or underestimate each other’s work-family conflict. H...

G/SPLINES is an algorithm for building functional models of data. It uses genetic search to discover combinations of basis functions which are then used to build a least-squares regression model. Because it produces a population of models which evolve over time rather than a single model, it allows analysis not possible with other regression-based approaches.

In this paper, a new approach is presented to fit arobust fuzzy regression model based on some fuzzy quantities. Inthis approach, we first introduce a new distance between two fuzzynumbers using the kernel function, and then, based on the leastsquares method, the parameters of fuzzy regression model isestimated. The proposed approach has a suitable performance to<b...