BACKGROUND There is wide recognition that pragmatic randomised trials are the best vehicle for economic evaluation. This is because trials provide the best chance of ensuring internal validity, not least through the rigorous prospective collection of patient-specific data. Furthermore the marginal cost of collecting economic data alongside clinical data is typically modest. UK Clinical Research...

BACKGROUND The tonic ocular tilt reaction (OTR) consists of vertical divergence of the eyes (skew deviation), bilateral conjugate ocular torsion, and paradoxical head tilt. The head and superior pole of both eyes are rotated toward the hypotropic eye. OBJECTIVE To describe ocular motility and torsion findings in 5 patients with OTRs that mimicked superior oblique palsies (SOPs). RESULTS In ...

The National Academy of Clinical Biochemistry (NACB) has developed consensus-based guidelines for the laboratory evaluation and monitoring of patients with specified disorders for two decades. In 1997, the NACB recognized the need to standardize the process of guideline development and promulgated its first Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) for this purpose. In 2010, the American Association o...

The electrocardiogram (ECG) is a lead-vector system that models the electrical activity of the heart. Both dipolar and multipolar factors have been shown to influence cardiac electrical activity. Although many lead placement conventions have been utilized, controversy exists in defining the number of ECG leads needed to adequately describe cardiac electrical activity. Abstract factor analysis (...

Endovascular treatment of acute ischemic stroke has become standard of care for patients with large artery occlusion. Early restoration of blood flow is crucial for a good clinical outcome. We introduced an interdisciplinary standard operating procedure (SOP) between neuroradiologists, neurologists and anesthesiologists in order to streamline patient management. This study analyzes the effect o...

Introduction: Japan DMAT and US have been conducting several tabletop exercises to prepare for major earthquake disasters in Japan. is predicting overwhelming on Japanese soil soon, which needs efficient optimum use of resources medical assistance, including additional support from the US. The government established a large-scale Earthquake/Tsunami Disaster Emergency Response protocol 2020. How...

The integration of soft open point (SOP) effectively improves the flexibility active distribution networks (ADNs). However, in practical operation, accurate network parameters are difficult to obtain and operation state changes rapidly with distributed generators (DGs). With development information technologies, massive data can be acquired ADNs. How utilize multisource has become key realize i...

Washing clothes is an activity that often done by people in the world. However, detergents sold market are harmful to human skin and aquatic ecosystems rivers. Therefore, this research focuses on environmentally friendly can minimize impact environment humans. This study aims develop standard operating procedures (SOP) production of detergents. was conducted developing initial SOP design, simul...