Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) pollution has become one of the greatest urban issues in China. Studies have shown that PM2.5 pollution is strongly related to the land use pattern at the micro-scale and optimizing the land use pattern has been suggested as an approach to mitigate PM2.5 pollution. However, there are only a few researches analyzing the effect of land use on PM2.5 pollution. This ...

* An observation model, Pf , indexed by f ∈ F . Pf denotes the distribution of the data under model f . E.g. In regression and classification, this is the distribution of Z = (X1, Y1, . . . , Xn, Yn) ⊆ Z. We will assume that Pf is a probability measure on the measurable space (Z,B). * A performance metric d(., .). ≥ 0. If you have a model estimate f̂n, then the performance of that model estimate...