Pesticides are well known to have a number of ecological effects. However, it is only now becoming understood that sublethal exposures may have effects on nontarget insects of conservation concern through interactions with immunity, thus increasing detrimental impacts in the presence of pathogens. Pesticides and pathogens are suggested to have played a role in recent declines of several wild be...

Consensus principles from radiation biology were used to describe a generic set of nonlinear, first-order differential equations for modeling toxicity-induced compensatory cell kinetics in terms of sublethal injury, repair, direct killing, killing of cells with unrepaired sublethal injury, and repopulation. This cellular model was linked to a probit model of hematopoietic mortality that describ...

background: t-2 mycotoxin belongs to the trichothecene family and has damaging effects on the immune system. objective: to investigate the toxic effect of t-2 toxin on the percentage of peripheral blood b lymphocytes and the potential protective role of selenium and vitamin e. method: frequencies of b lymphocytes (cd19+ ) were analyzed after injection of sublethal doses of t-2 toxin into balb/c...

the potato tuber moth (ptm), phthorimaea operculella (zeller) is one of the important pests of potato in tropical regions. in this research, the toxicity of two insecticides, abamectin and deltamethrin on p. operculella was studied at 26 ± 1 c°, 65 ± 5% rh and photoperiod of 16:8 h (l: d). the concentrations were determined by preliminary dose setting experiments. distilled water was used as co...

Activated protein C is a plasma anticoagulant. For activated protein C to function as an anticoagulant, it must form a complex with protein S. Protein S anticoagulant activity is neutralized by formation of a reversible complex with C4b binding protein (C4bBP). C4bBP is an acute-phase plasma protein. When C4bBP levels increase, mass action forces the level of free protein S to decrease, giving ...

Freshwater fish Cirrhinus mrigala were exposed to lethal concentration (5 mg/L) for 1,2,3,4 days and sublethal concentration (1 mg/L) for 1,7,14,21 days of cypermethrin to examine the enzymes activity, in functionally three different tissues namely, gill, liver and muscle. Activities of Aspartate aminotransferase (AAT), Alanine aminotransferase (AlAT) and Glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) increased...

A trifunctional bispecific antibody (BiLu) directed against murine CD3 and human epithelial-cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) was tested for its ability to improve cell-mediated adoptive immunotherapy in a murine model of B16 melanoma cells transfected with human EpCAM. Intraperitoneal inoculation of naive C57BL/6 (C57) splenocytes induced lethal graft versus host disease (GVHD) in 85% to 97% of s...

We have studied the role of different conditioning regimens for engraftment of genetically marked hematopoietic repopulating cells in dogs. Peripheral blood (PB) and/or marrow cells collected after treatment with recombinant canine stem cell factor (rcSCF) or cyclophosphamide were transduced in a vector-containing long-term culture system. Three different vector-producing cell lines with simila...

Pyrethroids are widely used insecticides that may seriously harm aquatic organisms. Being strongly hydrophobic, pyrethroids in solution occur only in short pulses but may be retained in sediments for longer periods. Consequently, most studies consider the chronic exposure of sediment dwelling organisms. We collected data from 16 studies to determine effect thresholds for stream macroinvertebrat...

Effect of sublethal heavy metal stress as plant biotic elicitor for triggering innate immunity in tomato plant was investigated. Copper in in vivo condition induced accumulation of defense enzymes like peroxidase (PO), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), and β-1,3 glucanase along with higher accumulation of total phenol, antioxidative enzymes (catalase and ascorbate per...