the two-spotted spider mite, tetranychus urticae koch (acari: tetranychidae) is one of the most important agricultural pests of the world. it causes direct and indirect damage on plants which decreases in photosynthesis and crop yield. the effect of sublethal concentrations of artemisia annua l. (asteraceae) and rosmarinus officinalis l. (lamiaceae) essential oils were assessed on development a...

Mice inoculated either subcutaneously (s.c.) or intradermally (i.d.) with a sublethal dose of Francisella tularensis LVS are immune to a lethal intraperitoneal (i.p.) or intravenous (i.v.) challenge of LVS. Here, we show that this immunity developed quite rapidly: mice given a sublethal dose of live LVS s.c. or i.d. (but not i.v.) withstood lethal i.p., i.v., or i.d. challenge as early as 2 day...

Molecular mechanisms of radiation dose-rate effects are not well understood. Among many possibilities, long-lasting sustained alterations in protein levels would provide critical information. To evaluate sustained effects after acute and chronic radiation exposure, we analyzed alterations in protein expression in the livers of mice. Acute exposure consisted of a lethal dose of 8 Gy and a sublet...

Most of the studies on impact insecticides have always used acute toxicity with an indicator death, whereas lethal effect cannot fully determine insecticide insects. Overall, sublethal dose/concentration can cause biological effects, disrupt egg number, laying period, larva and pupal weight, development life span fertility rate, in addition to influencing feeding behavior, spawning locomotor sy...

The effects of sublethal concentrations 0.1, 0.5, and 1.2 µg mL(-1)of the chitin synthesis inhibitor, hexaflumuron, on larval growth and development, the count and proportion of hemocytes, and carbohydrate content (trehalose and glyceride) in hemolymph were investigated in the cutworm, Spodoptera litura (Fabricious) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). When 3(rd) instar larvae were subjected to the sublet...

The purpose of this study is to follow-up the distribution, lethality percentile doses (LDs) and bioaccumulation of aluminium oxide nanoparticles (Al2O3-NPs, average diameter 9.83 ± 1.61 nm) in some tissues of male albino rats, and to evaluate its genotoxicity to the brain tissues, during acute and sublethal experiments. The LDs of Al2O3-NPs, including median lethal dose (LD50), were estimated ...

An analysis of mammalian cell radiation ± dose surIn studies concerning mechanisms that determine vival curves, based on the linear ± quadratic formalism, is shown radiosensitivities of mammalian cells, three di å erent to yield insights in the various components of damage that approaches can be distinguished which complement contribute to cell reproductive death . R B E ± LET relationships of ...

The radiobiological features of leukemic progenitor cells (LPC) freshly obtained from 14 T-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and 11 B-lineage ALL patients were evaluated using LPC colony assays. No significant radiobiological differences were observed between T-lineage versus B-lineage ALL LPC. Notably, the l)a values displayed a significant interpatient variation in both groups, indic...

1. The susceptibility of mice to the lethal effect of preparations containing the oxygen-labile hemolysin (streptolysin O) of group A hemolytic streptococci has been studied. Injection of a single sublethal dose of the streptococcal preparation causes the development of resistance to the effect of a lethal dose injected subsequently. 2. Resistance is demonstrable 3 to 6 hours after the injectio...