A PVC ion-selective membrane electrode based on Cd-tetraphenyl porphyrine as a carrier was prepared fordetermination of MnO4- ion. This electrode revealed good selectivity toward permanganate ion over a widevariety of anions. Effects of some experimental parameters such as nature of the plasticizer, the amounts ofcarrier and additive, and concentration of the internal solution on the potential ...

Massive actuator arrays found their applications in robotics, pharmaceutics, aerospace, etc. Compared with electrically and/or pneumatically powered actuator array, hydraulic actuator has the comprehensive advantages of higher force density (i.e. force / actuation area), better controllability, and simpler remote control accessibility. This paper presents approaches to construct and control a m...