with regard to the impossibility of preparing learners for each situation that they might encounter in their life, it is more logical to teach them how to cope with unexpected challenges. helping learners ‘learn how to help themselves’ can be facilitated by means of tasks and activities in the classroom context. this paper presents some of the find- ings of a study on iranian young learners bet...

Accomplishing a communication task in the real world requires ability not only to do per se but also manage aspects of context which it occurs. For this reason, simulations target language use contexts have been incorporated into design communicative tests as way enhancing authenticity assessment performance. Although some contextual factors may increase extraneous cognitive load and distract l...

speaking assessment is still construed as a complicated, under-researched process from the vantage point of tasks and rater characteristics. the present study aimed at investigating if and how english major and none english major teachers differ in their perception of the construct of oral proficiency while assessing learners’ l2 oral proficiency.  to this end, 38 male and female non-native efl...

since software systems play an important role in applications more than ever, the security has become one of the most important indicators of softwares.cloud computing refers to services that run in a distributed network and are accessible through common internet protocols. presenting a proper scheduling method can lead to efficiency of resources by decreasing response time and costs. this rese...