nowadays, the development of anti cancer drugs is an important subject in pharmacology. bisphosphonates (b.p) are a great choice for design and production of the types of drugs which not only could perform as anti cancer agents but also could inhibit the function of acetyl cholinesterase (ache). ache hydrolyzes the acetylcholine (which is a neurotransmitter in nervous system) using the oh in i...

after the soviet union dissolution, a chaotic period was begun in the russia. russia lost its glory and felt disgrace. the first group of elites came to power under yeltsin; they tried to re-define russia’s identity as a european country and build a foreign policy on this baseline. therefore russia tried to become closer with the west especially with the u.s. according to their view the sovie...

This research is an attempt to study about the efficiency of different exchange-rate regimes based on reduces in loss function of central bank in a form of Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium (DSGE), considering an oil exporting economy such as Iran's Economy. Thus, after adjusting a pattern, considering the structural characteristic of Iran’s Economy as oil exporting country and obtaining m...

Over the past two decades, central banks throughout the world have been moving towards greater transparency about policy decisions, the targets that they seek to achieve through those decisions, and their economic outlook of likely future changes. The Central Bank transparency is likely to be of great importance in increasing the effectiveness of monetary policy and reducing macroeconomic volat...

This paper tries to survey the independence of Central Bank of Iran and its relationship to inflation by using the data of 56 developing countries during 1990s. The results signifies that there are no significant relationship between inflation and the independence of central banks in these countries. In other words, according to the existing evidences, not all the developing countries with high...

The commitment and forward-looking behavior of central bank is of great importance. Commitment imposes less social costs on the central bank and the public. However, while there is wide agreement on the importance of commitment, there is much less consensus on how to implement commitment through targeting or instrumental rules. In this paper, we have estimated a basic New Keynesian model in I...